Community Stakeholder Perspectives Around the Strengths and Needs of Unaccompanied Immigrant Minors

Unaccompanied immigrant minors (UIM) are youth who lack lawful immigration status and who are without a parent or guardian in the U.S. who can provide custody and care. By all accounts, UIM experience stressful and traumatic circumstances before, during and postmigration. Most UIM left their home countries due to economic stagnation, poverty, crime and gang-related violence (Kandel et al., 2014); almost half described fleeing societal violence and one in five described experiencing domestic abuse (UNHCR, 2014). During migration, UIM are vulnerable to human trafficking, kidnapping, and other abuses (Kandel et al., 2014). Upon resettlement, UIM sometimes experience extended stays in detention centers, community violence exposure in resettlement areas, and an uncertain future in the U.S., all without family support to buffer these stressors (Alvarez & Alegria, 2016). Not surprisingly, UIM are at increased risk for mental health problems compared to accompanied immigrant youth (Derluyn & Broekaert, 2008; Huemer et al., 2009). Research on protective factors is emerging, but scarce.This presentation describes community stakeholder perspectives around the strengths and needs of UIM. Stakeholders include academic researchers with experience working with UIM; key decision makers in agencies serving UIM; professionals with insider knowledge (e.g., immigration attorneys, psychologists with expertise in asylum evaluations); and community members participating in immigrant-focused coalitions. Stakeholder interviews identified significant need for support for UIM. They noted that UIM need emotional support before, during and after legal interviews when youth must recount traumatic events. Families need support during periods of separations and reunions, which can lead to uncertainty and unanticipated conflict, and foster families sponsoring UIM need parenting support for raising children facing difficult circumstances. Stakeholders also noted role conflicts that arise when simultaneously addressing the legal and mental health needs of UIM and the emotional toll that this work takes on professionals serving UIM

Functional and histopathological changes induced by intraparenchymal injection of kainic acid in the rat cervical spinal cord

Kainic acid (KA) is an analog of the neurotransmitter glutamate and is widely used as an excitotoxic agent to lesion spinal cord networks, thus, providing an interesting model to learn basic mechanisms of spinal cord injury. The present work was aimed to evaluate motor and sensory performance of rats and analyze morphometric parameters of spinal cord neurons after KA injection. Animals were injected either with 0.75, 1 or 1.25. mM of KA at the C5 segment of the cervical spinal cord. Motor and sensory performance of the rats were evaluate at day 0 (before injection) and at days 1, 2, 3 and 7 post-injection (pi) and compared with those of saline-treated and non-operated animals. Animals were sacrificed at each time point for morphometric and histopathological analysis and compared among groups. All KA-treated animals showed a significant impairment at the motor and sensory tests for the ipsilateral forelimb in a concentration-dependent manner in comparison to saline-treated and non-operated animals. Neuronal cell count showed a significant loss of neurons at C4, C5 and C6 cervical segments when compared with those of saline-treated and non-operated animals. The contralateral side of the cervical segments in KA-treated rats remained unchanged. Some improvement at the motor and sensory tests was observed in animals injected with 0.75 and 1. mM KA. Moreover, a mild increase in the neuronal count of the damaged segments was also recorded. The improvement recorded in the motor and sensory tests by day 7 pi may be a consequence of a neuron repairing mechanism triggered soon after the KA excitotoxic effect.Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasLaboratorio de Análisis de Imágene

Are integrins and ligands correlated at pig placental interface during pregnancy?

In the present work, we emphasize the studies about integrins and their receptors in pig placental interface at different times of gestation. Uterine placental interface (n = 24) of 17, 30, 60 and 70 days of gestation (dg) and non-pregnant uterus (n = 4) of crossbred sows were used. The presence of αvβ3 (ITGAV (integrin subunit alpha V) ITGB3 (integrin subunit beta 3)) and α5β1 (ITGA5 (integrin subunit alpha V) ITGB3 (integrin subunit beta 3)) integrins, and their ligands fibronectin (FN) and osteopontin (OPN/ SPP1), was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the immunolabeled area percentage (IAP) and the optical density (OD) were determined. The integrins and its ligands analyzed have presented peaks of expression in early and mid-gestation, both in IAP and in the OD area, decreasing at 70 dg. These temporal changes showed us that the molecules studied in this work participate in embryo/feto–maternal attachment, variably. Besides, we found a significant correlation both in the intensity and in the extension of immunostaining for trophoblastic FN and endometrial αvβ3, and trophoblastic OPN and endometrial α5β1, throughout the entire pig pregnancy. At late gestation, there is notable placental remodeling with subsequent removal or renewal of folds at the uterine–placental interface that results in the loss of focal adhesions. The decrease of the expression of some integrins and their ligands in late gestation, particularly at 70 dg, would demonstrate that there would be other adhesion molecules and other ligands that could be participating in the establishment of the maternal–fetal interface.Fil: Velez, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Clauzure, Mariangeles. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Williamson, Delia Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: García, Mónica. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Koncurat, Mirta Adriana. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Barbeito, Claudio Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada

Sistema urinario

El sistema urinario de los mamíferos está formado por algunos órganos pares, como los riñones y los uréteres, y otros únicos, como la vejiga y la uretra. Este capítulo describe los componentes de cada uno de ellos.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Effects of Different Anesthetics in the Murine Model of EHV-1 Infection

Mice are commonly used as an experimental model to investigate the Equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) infection. This model easily reproduces the disease, and the clinical signs are more or less similar to those observed in the horse, the natural host. During natural infection, the acute course of respiratory infection is mandatory for the development of adaptive immune response. Since interactions between EHV-1 and anesthetics are possible, the study investigated whether the early events of murine pulmonary immune response could be affected by different anesthetics. Therefore, mice were experimentally infected with a unique EHV-1 strain under the effects of ether, ketamine/xylazine, or isoflurane. Clinical signs and histopathological lesions in the lungs were described, and the cell death and proliferation rates of sham-inoculated or infected animals were quantified using immunohistochemistry. Clinical signs were more severe in animals anesthetized with ether. Qualitative differences in the recruited inflammatory cells were observed following application of anesthesia. The level of infection between the infected groups was not statistically significant. However, lungs from ketamine/xylazine-anesthetized animals showed the highest cell death rates, whereas those from isoflurane-anesthetized animals showed the highest proliferation rates. It has been emphasized that anesthetics alone or their interactions with EHV-1 modify the response against the infection. An appropriate selection of the anesthetic during experimental studies is relevant to minimize wrong conclusions.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Are integrins and ligands correlated at pig placental interface during pregnancy?

In the present work, we emphasize the studies about integrins and their receptors in pig placental interface at different times of gestation. Uterine placental interface (n = 24) of 17, 30, 60 and 70 days of gestation (dg) and non-pregnant uterus (n = 4) of crossbred sows were used. The presence of αvβ3 (ITGAV (integrin subunit alpha V) ITGB3 (integrin subunit beta 3)) and α5β1 (ITGA5 (integrin subunit alpha V) ITGB3 (integrin subunit beta 3)) integrins, and their ligands fibronectin (FN) and osteopontin (OPN/ SPP1), was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the immunolabeled area percentage (IAP) and the optical density (OD) were determined. The integrins and its ligands analyzed have presented peaks of expression in early and mid-gestation, both in IAP and in the OD area, decreasing at 70 dg. These temporal changes showed us that the molecules studied in this work participate in embryo/feto–maternal attachment, variably. Besides, we found a significant correlation both in the intensity and in the extension of immunostaining for trophoblastic FN and endometrial αvβ3, and trophoblastic OPN and endometrial α5β1, throughout the entire pig pregnancy. At late gestation, there is notable placental remodeling with subsequent removal or renewal of folds at the uterine–placental interface that results in the loss of focal adhesions. The decrease of the expression of some integrins and their ligands in late gestation, particularly at 70 dg, would demonstrate that there would be other adhesion molecules and other ligands that could be participating in the establishment of the maternal–fetal interface

Correlation between COX2 expression with clinical and demographic aspects related to feline injection site sarcomas

Los sarcomas felinos asociados a sitios de inoculación (SSI, también conocidos como sarcomas asociados a la vacunación) son neoplasias de origen mesenquimático relacionadas con la transformación neoplásica de fibroblastos reactivos en sitios de vacunación o de aplicación de otras sustancias. Recientemente, hemos demostrado que la expresión de ciclooxigenasa 2 (COX2) en SSI está asociada con el grado de inflamación y anaplasia del tumor. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar la relación entre la expresión de COX2 en SSI, con parámetros demográficos y clínicos. Los parámetros demográficos y clínicos fueron obtenidos a partir de protocolos de remisión de sarcomas que fueron diagnosticados como SSI, así como de encuestas realizadas por los veterinarios. La expresión de COX2 fue determinada por estudios inmunohistoquímicos. Se halló una correlación inversa entre COX2 y el tiempo medio entre recidivas y la edad al momento del diagnóstico clínico de SSI. No se halló ninguna correlación entre COX2 y las demás variables estudiadas (sexo, edad, existencia de recidivas, número de recidivas o tiempo de sobrevida).Feline injection site sarcomas (FISS; also known as vaccine associated sarcomas) are neoplasms of mesenchymal origin believed to arise from the neoplastic transformation of reactive fibroblasts at vaccine or other substance inoculation sites. In a recent study the authors have shown that cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression in FISS is associated with the degree of inflammation and anaplasia of the tumor. The aim of the present work was to study the relationship between COX2 expression with demographic and clinical parameters of FISS. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from remission protocols of sarcomas diagnosed as FISS and from surveys answered by veterinarians. The expression of COX2 was determined by immunohistochemistry. An inverse correlation was observed between COX2 and the average time between recurrences and the age at clinical diagnosis of FISS. No correlation was observed between COX2 and the other studied variables (sex, breed, existence of recurrence, number of recurrences or survival time).Fil: Santelices Iglesias, Olga Andrea. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Patología General Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Wright, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Patología General Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Grandinetti, Jesica Alina Belen. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Patología General Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Zanuzzi, Carolina Natalia. Laboratorio de Histologia y Embiologia Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada (lhyedec) ; Facultad de Cs.veterinarias ; Universidad Nacional de la Plata; . Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Duchene, Adriana Graciela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Risso, Miguel Atilio. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Risso, Paula. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Nishida, Fabian. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Patología General Veterinaria; Argentina. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Leiva, Angélica. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Portiansky, Enrique Leo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Patología General Veterinaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Barbeito, Claudio Gustavo. Laboratorio de Histologia y Embiologia Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada (lhyedec) ; Facultad de Cs.veterinarias ; Universidad Nacional de la Plata; . Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentin

Immunolocalization of integrin α5β1, laminin and type V collagen in porcine placenta in different gestational stages

Las moléculas de adhesión son indispensables para el anclaje y la adhesión de los epitelios materno y fetal en la placentación porcina. El objetivo fue determinar la inmunolocalización de la integrina α5β1, la laminina y el colágeno V, en placentas porcinas de diferentes períodos de gestación: 30, 60, 70 y 114 días de gestación (dg; n=23). Se determinó la inmunolocalización de las moléculas por inmunohistoquímica. La integrina α5β1 fue fuerte en el tejido conectivo del endometrio y alrededor de vasos sanguíneos en placenta materna y fetal. La laminina se identificó en la interfase feto-materna porcina, a los 30, 60 y 114 dg de forma leve; en cambio, la intensidad de marcación fue fuerte en estroma endometrial, glándulas endometriales, en los vasos sanguíneos y en la membrana basal de las vellosidades a lo largo de toda la gestación. El colágeno V se evidenció con una fuerte intensidad en el mesénquima de las vellosidades placentarias maternas, y alrededor de los vasos sanguíneos en placenta fetal y materna. En base a nuestros resultados, postulamos que la integrina α5β1, la laminina y el colágeno tipo V, podrían cumplir un rol crucial en el desarrollo y el mantenimiento de la arquitectura placentaria y angiogénesis.Adhesion molecules are essential for anchoring and adhesion during swine placentation in both the maternal and the fetal epithelia. The aim of this work was to determine the expression of α5β1 integrin and its receptors, laminin and collagen type V, in swine placentas at different gestation intervals: 30, 60, 70 and 114 days of gestation (dg; n = 23). The expression of these molecules was determined by immunohistochemistry. Here we found that the α5β1 integrin was expressed at high levels in endometrial connective tissue and around blood vessels of the maternal and fetal placenta. Laminin was expressed in the swine fetal-maternal interface, at 30, 60 and 114 dg in a mild manner. On the other hand, the expression was strong in endometrial stroma, endometrial glands, blood vessels and basal membrane of the villi throughout pregnancy. Collagen type V was strongly expressed in the mesenchyme villi of the maternal placenta and around the fetal and maternal placenta vessels. Based on our results, we postulate that α5β1 integrin, and its receptors, could play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of placental architecture and angiogenesis.Fil: Velez, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento Ciencias Básicas. Cátedra de Biología General; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Confluencia; ArgentinaFil: Williamson, Delia Maria. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento Ciencias Básicas. Cátedra de Biología General; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Confluencia; ArgentinaFil: Clauzure, Mariangeles. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Confluencia; ArgentinaFil: Koncurat, Mirta Adriana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Barbeito, Claudio Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Confluencia; Argentin

Tejido conectivo y tejido adiposo

Este capítulo se centra en la descripción del tejido conectivo ordinario, también llamado tejido conectivo propiamente dicho, y en el tejido adiposo.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Interference Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) induced apoptosis

La apoptosis es un tipo de muerte celular programada que puede ser desencadenada por múltiples factores, tanto internos como externos; dentro de estos últimos se encuentran las infecciones virales. Algunos alphaherpesvirus han desarrollado diversas estrategias para retardar o inhibir la muerte celular obteniendo, de esta manera, su propio beneficio al poder permanecer durante más tiempo en la célula. Hasta el momento no se ha identificado ningún mecanismo relacionado con la modulación de la muerte celular durante la infección con Herpesvirus equino tipo 1 (EHV-1). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir el efecto producido por la infección con EHV-1 sobre cultivos celulares inducidos a la muerte por apoptosis. La evaluación de la apoptosis se realizó mediante el reconocimiento de la fragmentación en escalera del ADN, la evaluación de la relación Anexina V/ioduro de propidio (IP) y la determinación del clivaje de la citoqueratina 18, utilizando técnicas de inmunofluorescencia. Los resultados indican una posible interferencia del EHV-1 con la muerte por apoptosis hacia la mitad de su ciclo de replicación, que se incrementa hacia el final del mismo.Apoptosis is a programmed cell death that can be triggered by many factors, both internal and external. Viral infections are included among the latter. Some alphaherpesvirus have developed several strategies to retard or inhibit cell death and thus the virus benefits itself by staying longer in the cell. So far, no mechanisms have been identified related to modulation of cell death during infection with equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1). The aim of the present study was to describe the effect produced by the infection with EHV-1 on apoptosis-induced cell cultures. Assessment of apoptosis was performed by DNA laddering, the Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) determination and the cytokeratin 18 cleavage analysis using immunofluorescence techniques. Results indicate a possible interference of EHV-1 with apoptotic cell death in the middle of its replication cycle, being increased by its end.Fil: Scrochi, Mariela Rita. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnológico La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Zanuzzi, Carolina Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnológico La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Muglia, Cecilia Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnológico La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas. Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Sistema Inmune; ArgentinaFil: Fuentealba, Nadia Analia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnológico La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Nishida, Fabian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnológico La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Gimeno, Eduardo Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnológico La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Barbeito, Claudio Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnológico La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Portiansky, Enrique Leo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnológico La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Galosi, Cecilia Monica. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentin